Beauty Farming Life

Question Bank of Soil Science (202).https://cststudy.blogspot.com/ Question Bank of Soil Science (202) (1) Soil survey: (a) What is soil survey? (10, 12, 13, 14, 15) (b) Classify in brief the kinds of soil survey. (10, 12, 14, 15) (c) Describe in brief detailed soil survey. (10, 14, 15) (d) Write down the points is considered for mapping units. (10, 12, 14, 15) (e) What are the objectives of soil survey? (11, 13) (f) Describe in brief the detailed reconnaissance soil survey. (11, 13) (g) State the contents of soil survey reports. (11) (2) Soil classification: (a) Write down the objectives (12, 14) and principles of soil classification. (10) (b) Discuss the major features of Epipedons and Endopedons with derivation and meaning. (10, 13, only Epipedons-10, 14, 15)  (c) Define soil classification. (12, 14, 15) (d) Briefly describe the major characteristics of Zonal, Intrazonal and Azonal soils. (12, 15) (e) Give the name and examples of highe...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-I     Concept and definition of soil. https://cststudy.blogspot.com/ Concept of soil The soil is the covering on the solid crust of the earth's land mass. Soil is made up of broken down rock material of varying degree of fineness and changed in varying degrees from the parent rocks by the action of different agencies, such that the growth of vegetation is made possible (Fig. 1.1). There are two basic concepts of soil. The first pedology, considers soil natural entity, a biochemically weathered and synthesized product of nature such it’s the origin of the soil, its classification and its description involved in pedology. The second edaphology, conceives of the mil as a natural habitat for plant. Edaphology is the study of the soil from the standpoint of higher plants. It considers the various properties of soils as they relate to plant growth and production. Definition of soil Soil may be defined as: 1."A dynam...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-II     Definition, Objectives and Uses, Types of Soil Surveys and Soil Survey Methods. https://cststudy.blogspot.com/ Definition of Soil survey:   Soil survey  is a systematic study of the  soil  of an area including classification and mapping of the properties and the distribution of various  soil  units .  Soil survey is essentially a study of soil morphology in the field. Soil survey includes classification of soils of the area in well-defined units, characterization of soil properties, plotting their extent and boundaries on a map and predication of the adaptability of these soils to various uses. Objectives and Uses of Soil Survey The main objective is to get information about the soil genesis and provide information about the soils resources of the area. Therefore, it forms basis for planned land use and resource management. Soil survey information may be useful in farm planning,...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-II     Soil Mapping Units  and Soil Survey Methods. https://cststudy.blogspot.com/ Soil Mapping Units They are recognized through profile examinations, named within the general system of soil classification and mapped in appropriate symbols. 1. Soil Series. A soil series represents a group of soils having similar horizons but they may differ in the surface texture. It is given a geographic name either of the locality where it is well-developed or where it was first recognized, for example, Tiwsa representing a deep black soil in India. 2. Soil Type. It is a sub-division of series based on the texture of the surface soil. It is named by adding the textural class name of the surface horizon to the series name, e.g., Tiwsa silty clay. 3. Soils Phase. Phases in soil survey are mostly sub-division of soil types in respect of soil slope, degree of erosion, stoniness, rockiness and salinity, example, Tiwsa stony clay; mea...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-III     Definition PH and Soil PH, Forms of H+ ion in soil, Grading of soil according to PH Value. https://cststudy.blogspot.com Soil Reaction Definition PH and Soil PH P H : P H may be defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution. Soil P H : Soil PH may be defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion (H') concentration in a soil solution. Soil PH first proposed by Sorensen (1909) a Swedish chemist. PH is expressed as number (0-14) and H+ concentration is expressed in gm-ion/L.                                                    pH = - log[H + ] The suitable PH range for maximum field crop production is 6.0-7.5. Soil PH is an in...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-I     Components of soil. https://cststudy.blogspot.com COMPONENTS OF SOIL The soil consists of four major components i.e., mineral matter, organic matter, soil air and soil water. Volumetric composition of mineral (inorganic) soil: 1. Mineral matter 45% 2. Organic matter 5% 3. Soil water 25% 4. Soil air 25% Macroorganisms like rodents, insects and worms and microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and algae live in soil in large numbers. There is a three phase system in which the mineral and organic matter form the solid phase, the water containing salts and some gases in solution the liquid phase, and the various gases the gaseous phase. Each phase contains a number of constituents which makes the whole system highly complex. On account of the changes continually taking place in the soil, the system is never in equilibrium. 1. Mineral matter. The minerals are extremely variable in size. Some are as large as the smaller rock ...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-I     Definition and classification of soil minerals. https://cststudy.blogspot.com/ SOIL FORMING MINERALS A mineral is an inorganic substance that occurs in nature with distinct physical and chemical properties. It usually consists of two or more elements in chemical combination in certain definite proportions. A mineral that forms the original component of a rock is known as a primary mineral, e.g., feldspar, mica etc., while that which has been formed, deposited or introduced as a result of subsequent changes in rocks is known as a secondary mineral. Secondary minerals are limonite, gibbsite etc., and clay minerals like kaolinite, montmorillonite, etc. Those minerals which form the chief constituents of a rock are known as essential minerals while those which occur only in small quantities and not much important, are called accessory minerals, e.g. apatite, pyrites, zircon etc. A. Primary Minerals 1. Feldspars. Feldspar...

B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-III     Causes of soil acidity. https://cststudy.blogspot.com Causes of soil acidity: 1. Leaching of basic cation by heavy rainfall: CO 2 dissolve in water to produce carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ). These H 2 CO 3 removes the basic cations (i.e. Mg + , Na + , Ca 2+ , K + ) from alkaline soil and form bi-carbonate which are soluble in water. These bi-carbonate are leach down due to heavy rainfall and causes soil acidity. CO 2 + H2O ---->H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3  ----->H + + HCO 3 2. Acidic parent material: Some soil have developed from acidic parent material, so the soil are acidic soil. E.g. Acid rock (granite) weathering    Acid soil. 3. Increase acid cations (Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 4+ ): These are ions are hydrolysis produce H + ion in soil and thus causes soil acidity. Al 3+ + H 2 O —> Al(OH) 2+ + H + (for strong acid) Similar reaction will be occur in case of Fe 3+ and Mn 4+ . Al 3+ and...