New Update Physiological disorder of fruits, Causes of spoilage of fruit and Remedies of spoilage of fruits

Physiological disorder of fruits, Causes of spoilage of fruit. https://cststudy.blogspot.com/

Physiological disorder of fruits

1. High temperature injury: Normally, high temperature is limited for each fruit and above this limit, metabolic activities are disturbed. As for example, the skin colour of Cavendish banana do not change above 30°C temperature and the Pulp of avocado become blackish temperature at 30°C.

2. Disorder due to atmospheric composition: The quality of fruits become deteriorate due to imbalance amount of O2 and CO2 in storage. Such as blackening of inner side of apple and cracking inner tissues of pear.

3. Disorder due to volatile compounds: Harmful affects occurs on fruit quality due to higher concentration of Ethylene. For example, yellowing or destruction of green colour.

4. Disorder due to mineral deficiency: Different disorders appears on different fruits due to deficiency of different mineral salts. As for example, soft nose of mango, cracking of cherry, Leaf tip burn of strawberry, blossom and rot of water melon and lenticel blotch and cork spot of apple etc. Symptoms are appear due to deficiency of calcium.

5. Chilling injury: Chilling injury is a physiological disorders of plant tissues which are generally appears in tropical and subtropical plants. Chilling injury appears when sensitive tissues may kept below 15°C temperature, although critical temperature varies from fruits to fruits. Although there is a marked variation of critical temperature of different fruits.

Spoilage 

Spoilage of fruit means damage or decay or rotten of fruits due to unfavorable condition from harvesting to consumption.

Causes of spoilage of fruit 

Different factors are responsible for spoilage of fruits which are given below

A. Biological factor 

 Microorganism such as fungi, bacteria etc.

 Insects such as fruit borer, fruit fly etc.

B. Physiological factors 

 Respiration: The more the respiration, the less the shelf life of fruits. i.e. spoilage of fruits occurs quickly. Higher respiration leads to Rapid breakdown of Carbohydrates to CO₂ and H2O and it can be shown as follows-

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP 

 Transpiration: Transpiration also affected spoilage of fruits. High temperature is directly related to transpiration and reduces shelf life of fruits. i.e. Spoilage of fruits occurs.

C. Physical factors

 Supply of O₂ and CO₂ : Supply of more oxygen increases respiration rate. On the other, supply of carbon dioxide decreases respiration rate. So it is observed that shelf life. i.e. spoilage of fruits is mostly indirectly dependent on the supply O₂ and CO₂.

 Presence of unfavourable storage condition has high temperature, low humidity and lack of ventilation.

D. Others factors

 Defective harvesting and storage system.

 Stages of maturity of fruits at harvesting time.

 Types of fruits.

 Varieties.

 Composition of fruits.

 Wounds and bruises.

 Improper transportation.

 Rough handling.

 The ripe and unripe fruits kept together.

 Lack of organised system.

Remedies of spoilage of fruits

1. Fruits should be washed with water and wiped with towel and air dried, then they should be dipped in hot water at 55°C for 5 minutes. Benomil, Benlate etc may or may not be used in hot water.

2. Insecticide at a low dose should be sprayed on the fruits.

3. Fruits should be properly stored at low temperature followed by high relative humidity (85-90% humidity).

4. Fruits should be sorted out from the blemish fruits. Only the good or unblemished fruits should be selected for storage.

5. Fruit should be harvested at optimum stage of maturity and by proper method.